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1911 Census of Canada
Records with Surname McConachie

The soundex code for McConachie is M252.
Below are other surnames with the same soundex code. Click on a surname to see the listing for that name, or click the checkbox next to one or more names and then click the merge button to produce one listing including all the checked names.
M???ogenus M??konoski ? M? Knight M?kanok M?konoski ? M?sing M Kenzie M O Jones? Ma??sna?ky Ma?kans Ma?Kinsar Ma Kee ana quobe Mac??ing Mac?enzie Mac?hansky Mac?nachie Macameaux Macanges MacAngse MacAngus Macchinso MacConachie Macconaghan? Macconiachis MacConklin MacConnachie Macenko MacGinness? MacGinnis Macginnus? Macgnowsky MacGomis MacGuinis MacGuinis? Machamak ? Machanga Machans?kie MacHanson MacHanson(?) Machen?s (?) Machenski Machenzie Maching? Machins Machinsian(?) Machinson Machmij Machnij Machnik Machnis MacHomas Machonochie Machonzee Macimnes MacInchick Macinek MacInes MacInes? MacInis MacInnes MacInnes(?) MacInnes ? MacInness MacInnis MacInnis(?) Macinski Mackanskumi Mackanzie Mackeing MacKenezie MacKengan MacKennis MacKensie macKenstry MacKensy MacKenze Mackenzer MacKenzie Mackenzie(?) Mackenzie (?) Mackenzies MacKeung?? MacKiness Macking Mackingon Mackings MacKingson MacKinis Mackinsey Mackinsky MacKinsly Mackinson(?) MacKinze Mackinzie Mackness Mackness(?) Macknicol Macknight MacKongig Mackons Mackoymist MacM??chy MacMachan Macmachy MacMackin MacMaster MacMichell MacMikan MacMisor? MacMu?iss MacNachtan Macnaghten MacNaston? MacNaught MacNaughton Macneich MacNice (?) Macnichol MacNicol MacNight MacNish MacNish ? Macomock Maconachie Maconachy Maconicin Maconstra Macsymczuk Maczimak Maczinski ? Maeasnes?? Mag???ens(?) Maganeak Maganias ? Magans Maganse Maganson Magansson Maganza Magenas Mageneson(?) Magengast Magenis Magense Magenski Magenson? Maggenque Magginis Maggins Magginson Maghenis(?) Maginis Maginnes Maginnis Magmeson Magn?son Magn?sson Magnacca Magnais Magnason Magnasson Magnecca Magneg Magnekia Magnes Magnes?ton Magneson Magneson(?) Magneson ? Magness Magnesson Magnesun Magnesuon Magnis Magnison Magnissan Magnns Magnnson ? Magnosky Magnoson Magnson Magnucas Magnueson Magnus Magnus? Magnusah Magnusdottir Magnusen Magnusin Magnuson Magnuson(?) Magnuson (?) Magnuson ? Magnussen Magnusson Magnusson(?) Magnusson (?) Magonachie(?) Maguinas Magunson (?) Mah sinahkat Mahagoing Mahchemakut Maheganisk Maheux Gamache Mahzenikeghik Maignis (?) Maigwancbi Mais quan gi noovo Maisinson Majenska Majnuck MaJohnson Majsciniuk Majsonuk MaJunke Mak Wong Makamich Makamoos Makamoosa Makamoose Makamoostsumka Makanik Makanko Makanouchi Makanuko Makanyk Makencew Makencies(?) Makenke Makensie Makenson Makenyk Makenzie Maki (Makan?) Makimichi Makinak Making Makinginess Makings Makinka Makinkota Makinkyaw? Makinosit Makinquins Makins Makins (?) Makinskuk Makinson Makkings Makmosumki? Maknesnick(?) Maknyk Makohmes Makohoniuk Makohonuk Makoing Makomiski Makongoguk Makonig Makonuzuk Makonzezak(?) Makoyniuk Maksemak Maksemchuk Maksemec Maksymac Maksymchuk Maksymczuk Maksymczuke Maksymic Maksymiuk Maksymniuk Maksymowich Maksymowicz Maksymowyk Makumuse Makung Makwong Makymczyk Makzymuik? Mas?nash Masance Mascenick Masciangdy Masenahkah Masencewakamik Masenuk Masgenka Mashinck? Mashing Mashinger Mashinka(?) Mashinster Mashinster? Mashknikave Masiniuk Maskens Maskenzie Maskinict Maskinsky Masknick Maskowanakeet Masmakau? Masmesta Masnick Masnokovitch Masnuk Mason's Masons Massangel Massenger Masseniz ? Massimck(?) Massinek(?) Massing Massinger Massingham Massingthera Massinikijik Massins? Massong Massongall(?) Masymchuk Maszanka Maszenka Masznska Mau quanse Maukinsney? Maxanka MaxGingrow Maximuk Maxinchuk Maxinchuk (Maksymchuk) Maxinieuse Maxinuk Maxymchuk Maxymeisk Maxymishyn Mayasines Maysenhoekter Maysinuk Mazanka Mazenc Mazengarb Mazensuk Maznki Maznuk Mazonas Mazonzi Mc????ington Mc??imnoz Mc?anchin Mc?angn? Mc?anice Mc?ennse(?) Mc?enson Mc?ewing Mc?in?is Mc?inck Mc?innes Mc?Mise Mc?nnis Mc?noog Mc?ongor ? Mc?ung McAinsh McAinsle McAmes McAmis McAmnuss(?) McAmus McAncelay McAnch McAnechy McAngor McAngus McAnish McAnister McAnnes McAnnichch MCannis McAnsh McAnslin McAnus McAunis McCam??son? McCamas McCames McCamis McCammack McCamus McCana??g McCanack McCanagher McCanaghy McCanasie McCanaster(?) McCanaugh McCance McCanchlay McCanghey McCangley McCanis McCanish McCanish? McCannis McCanns McCans McCanse McCansland McCenzer McChoncie McCines Mcckenzie McCnight McComachie McComack McComas McComaskie McComick McComick(?) McComish McComiskey McComisky McComsky McComsley McCon?achie McConacey McConach(?) McConachey McConachie? McConachy McConacie McConackie McConacky McConaghan McConaghey McConaghie McConaghy McConaughey McConaughy McConce Mcconchey McConchie McConcky McConcorder (?) McConechy McConecky McConeghey McConeghy McConegley McConekie(?) Mccongan McCongey(?) McConghan McConghey McConichia? McConichie McConick McConigall(?) McConigh McConigly McConish McConken McConker McConkey McConkey? McConkie McConklin McConkny McConky McConnach McConnachie McConnachin McConnachnie McConnachy McConnack McConnaghy McConnechie McConneckey ? McConnichie McConnick McConnico McConnochie McConnock McConnuck McConochie McConochy McConoghy McConsey McConsha? McConson McCooms McCoumos McCounegy McCoung? McCumoskey McCumskey McCumusky McCunach McCung McCunig McCunk McEinsh? McEiwing McEn??ken McEnch ? McEngetrie McEnis McEnneas McEnnes McEnnis McEnnis? McEns (?) McEnspey McEnstry McEnzie McEunghlan ? McEunias McEweng McEwens McEwing McEwing(?) McG???nis McG?migle McG?nis McGamus? McGangley McGanigan McGanky McGay? McKay? McGeans McGee/McKee(?) McGemmesty McGengha McGenigbe (?) McGenis Mcgeniss McGenius McGenius (?) McGennis McGennis(?) McGennis? McGennise? McGenniss McGenuis McGimsie McGinas McGinchy McGines McGiness McGingal McGinges McGinglam McGington(?) McGinis McGinise McGiniss McGinnes McGinnes? McGinnes (?) McGinness McGinnick McGinnies McGinnis McGinnis(?) McGinnis? McGinnis (?) McGinnis ? McGinnis ? McGinniss McGinns? McGinnus McGinsly? McGnager ? McGonagal McGonagle McGonagol McGonegal McGonegall McGongal(?) McGongenal ? McGongle McGoniga Mcgonigal McGonigall Mcgonigan McGonigel McGonigesl McGonigle McGonnagel McGonnigal McGonnigle McGonoigel McGonough McGonsal McGuineis McGuines McGuiness McGuiness? McGuing McGuingan Mcguinis McGuinnes McGuinness McGuinnis McGuins McGunagal McGunighan McGunison(?) McGunnas McGunnass McGunnigle McGunnis McGuns? McGynnis McHannaugh McHannes McHanson McHanz McHeinz McHenggie McHenness McHenyce McHenzie McHeones McHinster(?) McHonagh McIames McIanns McIinnes Mcim?s Mcimes(?) McImsoy McIn??ss McIn?is McInaggart McInaker McIncas McInce McInch McInchon McInes McInesney McIness ? McIngal? McIngland McIngold McInigge McInis McIniss McInnes McInnes(?) McInnes? McInness McInnies McInnis McInnis(?) McInnis? McInnis ? McInnish McInniss McInnnis McInnse? McInnstin McInosh McInsish(?) McInsoy McIoms McJames McJames(?) McJanes McJanis McJenkin(?) McJenkins McJohnson McJunegal McKaenzie McKames ? McKamson McKang(?) McKange? McKangie McKans McKay?McRay? McKeinzie McKemas (?) McKemister McKemson McKemzie McKenachen McKenchie McKencie McKenga McKenger McKenghan McKengie McKengil McKengny McKengor McKengre McKengret McKenicy McKeniezy (?) McKenize McKenkie McKennas McKenneson McKennig McKennough McKennsew ? McKennsy McKennzie McKenoze McKensar McKensey McKensie McKensie (?) McKensie ? McKensies Mckensinesenay(?) McKenson(?) McKenster McKensy McKenz McKenza Mckenze Mckenzer McKenzey McKenzey(?) McKenzi McKenzia McKenzie McKenzie(?) McKenzie? McKenzie (?) McKenzie ? McKenzies McKenzington McKenzis McKenzy McKenzzie McKiense McKimes McKimm??z McKims McKimsly Mckimus McKin?son McKinais McKinas McKinch? McKinchin McKing McKing(?) McKing? McKing?on McKinger McKingle (?) McKingle ?) McKingley McKingre McKings McKinis?y McKinnes McKinnes? McKinness McKinnich McKinnis McKinnis? McKinniuk McKinnsi McKinnsi? McKinnsie? McKinnson? McKinnson (?) McKinocher? McKinock McKinsay McKinsay (?) McKinsey McKinsey (?) McKinsky McKinsley McKinsly McKinsny McKinson McKinstery McKinston McKinstor McKinstray McKinstry McKinstry(?) McKinstry? McKinsy McKinze McKinzee McKinzer McKinzer? McKinzey McKinzey (?) McKinzie McKinzie(?) McKinzie? Mckinzue McKnechie(?) McKneight McKnezein McKnicke McKnicon McKnigh McKnight McKnight(?) McKnight ? McKonacher McKonichy McKonkey McKonkey (?) McKuianakas McM??Kin McM?agle McM?ch McM?ching McM?mesy McM?son McMacans (?) McMacdoell McMacgilvrey McMachan McMacharanel McMachel McMachen McMachin McMachlon McMachon McMacKay McMackel McMacken McMackie? McMackin McMackin? McMacklan McMackon McMacmilin McMacoln McMacon McMag? McMagen McMaghen McMagity(?) McMaglin McMagoin McMagran McMajor McMak ??? McMaken McMaker(?) McMakes McMakie McMakin McMakin? McMakoa McMakon McMas McMas? McMas?? McMashen McMashs McMaskin McMason McMassassean McMast?ty McMasten McMaster McMaster(?) McMaster? McMaster (?) McMaster ? McMasters McMastie McMaston McMaugh McMaughlan McMaxer McMcaloughlin McMcCombe McMcDonald McMcfee McMcGrattan McMcIntosh Mcmckegie? McMcKinnon McMclan(?) McMcLeod McMcnoy McMeachen(?) McMeaghine McMeakin McMechan McMechen McMeckan McMeckin McMeckin(?) McMeekan McMeeken McMeekin McMeekin(?) McMegie McMeikan McMekin McMekon McMesken McMester McMich ? McMichael McMichael (?) McMichaels McMichaels ? McMichal McMichan McMichan(?) McMichave (?) McMicheal McMichel McMichel(?) McMichel? McMichen McMichin McMiching McMichle McMicholl McMickarn(?) McMicken McMicken(?) McMickena McMIckery? McMickey McMickin McMicking McMicking ? McMickle McMickory McMiekie McMiekin? McMies McMighon McMignson McMiking McMikle McMisk McMist McMister? Mcmnes McMockan? McMoctan? McMosser McMost McMoyes McMuchie Mcmuchy McMuesson McMuggs McMukain McMussa McMycown? McNa????s McNach? McNachlon McNachtan McNacnicott McNagis ? McNaighem McNaish McNaish? McNakle McNash McNassey McNastly McNaug?? (?) McNaugh McNaughin McNaughlan McNaughle? McNaughlin McNaughon McNaughoton? McNaught McNaughtan McNaughten McNaughtley McNaughton McNaughton? McNaughton (?) McNaughty McNaugton McNaugton (?) McNauhghton(?) McNeasen McNece McNeece Mcnegh(?) McNeice McNeich McNeige McNeigh McNeish McNeish? McNesmel McNespie McNewca McNicar McNich McNichal McNichlos McNichoal McNichol McNicholas McNicholl McNicholls McNichols McNickel McNickelson McNickle McNickol McNicls McNicol McNicol ? McNicol-Reid McNicole McNicoll McNiece McNiech? McNighs (?) McNight McNight ? McNigsh McNish McNish(?) McNish? McNnight McNough McNought McNougton McNuge McNughton McNuiskey Mcomach McOnaghie? McOnaza Mconchalt ? McOnge MConnachey McOnnachie Mconnochie McQu??nic McQuanis McQueing McQuens McQuinsey McSanoghlin McShammock McShanock McSims McSomes McWanus McWenzell Me?chuans Meagenas (Maginnes?) Meakens Meaking Meakings Meakins Meakins ? Meakons Meakunk Measenger (?) Mecanga Mecansk Mechans Meckins Méconse Meeking Meekings Meekins Meekinson Megency Meggins Megginson Megngor Megnus Megonegejick Meguance MeGuiness Megwance Meichinaki Meking? Mekinger MeKings Mekings-Smith? Mekinstone(?) Meknes Mesansk? Mescanecool Mescenezek Mesenger Mesinack Mesineg?rickam Mesinichkotwe Mesinokuke Mesneke(?) Mesnk?is Mesnkos Mesnokojkaug Mesons Messanger Messemger Messenais Messenger Messenger(?) Messenger? Messenger (?) Messenger ? Messengill Messenniak(?) Messhengo Messing Messingall Messinger Mezczankewicz? Mezeank Mezniuk Mggins(?) Mginnis Mgonougnet Mia conn caff Mic-Mac Michaniuk Michanuk Michens Michinchiuk Michins Michmas ? Michmik Michnik Michnoz MicInnis ? Mickenzie Mickmak Mickmus Micknek(?) Micmichael Micnish Miconik Miconuk Migenas Miggans Miggines Miggins Mignacca Mignaux Mignoux Migonz? Mijanshi Mikenack Mikens Mikins Miksymic Miosneicka Miqemoquet Misamas Misanic Mischanchk ? Miscumoshy Mishanchuk Misheinokeasi Mishnack Mising Misinishlstean Misinko Miskinok Miskins Misknok Mismac Mismaux(?) Misones? Misons? Miss Maggie May Missenger Misshimmick Misunka Mizanchi Mizinkchuk Mkeenko MKenzie Mkinson (?) Mocenko Mochenshun Mochinick Mochinski Mochonuk Mogenais Mogens Mogenson Moisinash Moiszenski(?) Mojink Mokames Mokensky Mokinawech(?) Mokohomich Moochenski Mosanga Moseinzzen Mosenekijik Mosensa Moshinaga Moshynski Mosianka Mosington Mosmkevitch Mosnek Mosnick? Mossing Mossington Mossinkoff Moszksinka Mosznuck Mowchenko Moxeniuk Moxness Mozenchuk Mozinski Mozong Muchank Muchens Muchinki Muchinksy Muckenkirn Muckmaski Mugens? Mugnac Mukanik Muking Mus ?? Kaen Jess(?) Musanchwapenais Musanesta Muschenske Muscomequans Musconist Musenson(?) Mushunski Muskeance Muskenkar squaza Musmch(?) Muss?enko Musshens Mussinceny(?) Muszynski Mykaymic(?) Mysyniak

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There is one surname note where the suggested surname is McConachie.

There are 10 surname corrections where the suggested surname correction is McConachie.

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Surname McConachie occurs in the following provinces: Manitoba (13) Ontario (84) Saskatchewan (8) All (105)

There are 105 matching records.

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SurnameGivensAgeProvinceDistrictSubdistrictEnumeration
District #
PageLine
McConachie Alexander 11 Ontario Brant Burford 16 8 41
McConachie Alexander 24 Ontario Haldimand Oneida 19 2 46
McConachie Alexander 18 Ontario Toronto West Toronto 10 15 24
McConachie Alice M. 18 Ontario Toronto South ward 5 60 3 33
McConachie Andrew 12 Ontario Haldimand Oneida 19 6 8
McConachie Andrew 61 Ontario Haldimand Oneida 19 2 39
McConachie Andrew 31 Ontario Haldimand Oneida 19 2 42
McConachie Annie 17 Manitoba Winnipeg Winnipeg 53 7 30
McConachie Annie 10 Ontario Haldimand Oneida 19 6 9
McConachie Annie 27 Ontario Ottawa Dalhousie ward 20 16 28
McConachie Bessie Bernett 21 Ontario Hamilton West ward 4 12 2 13
McConachie Caroline 13 Ontario Lennox and Addington North Fredericksburg Township 25 6 18
McConachie Cristpher 19 Manitoba Portage La Prairie Township 11 in ranges 7 38 1 39
McConachie David 45 Ontario Wentworth Part of Ward 1 49 19 24
McConachie Dougal 40 Ontario Grey North Owen Sound 47 8 44
McConachie Dougal 11 Ontario Grey North Owen Sound 47 8 48
McConachie Edna 16 Ontario Brant Burford 16 8 39
McConachie Elizabeth 45 Manitoba Portage La Prairie Township 11 in ranges 7 38 1 38
McConachie Emerson 13 Ontario Haldimand Oneida 19 6 7
McConachie Emma Jane 44 Ontario Brant Burford 16 8 37
McConachie Ethel 31 Ontario Lincoln Grimsby 52 17 13
McConachie Ethel 27 Ontario Toronto West Toronto 30 6 17
McConachie Eva 9 Ontario Dufferin Amaranth 1 6 19
McConachie Fannie 35 Ontario Haldimand Oneida 19 2 43
McConachie Florence 14 Ontario Grey North Owen Sound 47 8 47
McConachie Fred 1 Ontario Toronto North ward 4 33 5 6
McConachie Frederic 5 Ontario Grey North Owen Sound 47 8 50
McConachie Frederick 29 Manitoba MacDonald Townships 8 22 12 37
McConachie Geo. 25 Ontario Toronto North ward 4 33 5 4
McConachie George 33 Ontario Lincoln Grimsby 52 17 12
McConachie Gladas 18 Ontario Dufferin Amaranth 1 6 17
McConachie Gordon 2 Ontario Haldimand Oneida 19 2 44
McConachie Grace 10 Ontario Lennox and Addington North Fredericksburg Township 25 6 20
McConachie H 24 Saskatchewan Battleford Townships 34 16 2 20
McConachie Harold 1 Ontario Haldimand Oneida 19 2 45
McConachie Harriet 50 Ontario Lennox and Addington North Fredericksburg Township 25 6 16
McConachie Harry Russell 14 Ontario Hamilton West ward 4 12 2 10
McConachie Harvey 16 Ontario Dufferin Amaranth 1 6 18
McConachie Hector 18 Ontario Brant Burford 16 8 38
McConachie Herbert 22 Manitoba MacDonald Townships 7 34 9 34
McConachie Hugh 14 Ontario Brant Burford 16 8 40
McConachie Ian 9 Ontario Brant Burford 16 8 42
McConachie Isabella 66 Ontario Toronto West Toronto 30 6 15
McConachie Isabella 32 Ontario Toronto West Toronto 30 6 16
McConachie J.J. 30 Saskatchewan Battleford Townships 34 16 2 18
McConachie James 43 Manitoba Portage La Prairie Township 11 in ranges 7 38 1 37
McConachie James 32 Manitoba Winnipeg Winnipeg 23 1 18
McConachie James 16 Ontario Grey North Owen Sound 47 8 46
McConachie James 57 Ontario Haldimand Oneida 19 6 5
McConachie James 20 Ontario Wentworth Part of Ward 1 49 19 26
McConachie James A. 36 Ontario Haldimand Oneida 19 6 41
McConachie James Howard 10 Ontario Hamilton West ward 4 12 2 11
McConachie Jane C. 39 Ontario Haldimand Oneida 19 6 42
McConachie Jean 1 Ontario Haldimand Oneida 19 6 44
McConachie Jean 1 Ontario Lincoln Grimsby 52 17 15
McConachie Jessie 2 Ontario Brant Burford 16 8 43
McConachie John 30 Manitoba MacDonald Baie St. Paul 47 11 23
McConachie John 54 Ontario Brant Burford 16 8 36
McConachie John 80 Ontario Dufferin Mulmur 19 4 20
McConachie John 3 Ontario Lincoln Grimsby 52 17 14
McConachie John 48 Ontario Toronto East Toronto 12 23 30
McConachie John 31 Saskatchewan Moose Jaw Townships 23 51 7 21
McConachie Joseph 45 Ontario Dufferin Amaranth 1 6 14
McConachie Kennedy 4 Ontario Wentworth Part of Ward 1 49 19 29
McConachie Lila Thain 23 Ontario Hamilton West ward 4 12 2 12
McConachie Lizzie ? 34 Saskatchewan Assiniboia Weyburn 31 9 35
McConachie Maggie 42 Ontario Norfolk Windham 35 1 6
McConachie Margaret 38 Manitoba Winnipeg Winnipeg 53 7 29
McConachie Margaret 63 Ontario Haldimand Oneida 19 2 40
McConachie Margaret 40 Ontario Haldimand Oneida 19 6 6
McConachie Margaret 3 Ontario Haldimand Oneida 19 6 43
McConachie Margaret 12 Ontario Lennox and Addington North Fredericksburg Township 25 6 19
McConachie Margaret 51 Ontario Toronto East Toronto 12 23 31
McConachie Margaret 41 Ontario Wentworth Part of Ward 1 49 19 25
McConachie Margaret May 12 Ontario Hamilton West ward 4 12 2 14
McConachie Margret 45 Ontario Dufferin Amaranth 1 6 15
McConachie Marguerite 1 Ontario Ottawa Dalhousie ward 20 16 30
McConachie Mary 8 Manitoba Portage La Prairie Township 11 in ranges 7 38 1 42
McConachie Mary 8 Ontario Grey North Owen Sound 47 8 49
McConachie Mary 32 Ontario Toronto North ward 4 33 5 5
McConachie Mary 18 Ontario Wentworth Part of Ward 1 49 19 27
McConachie Mary A. 41 Ontario Toronto South ward 5 60 3 32
McConachie Mary E. 37 Ontario Dufferin Amaranth 2 9 25
McConachie Mary Jane 43 Ontario Grey North Owen Sound 47 8 45
McConachie Minerva 8 Ontario Wentworth Part of Ward 1 49 19 28
McConachie Nora G 4 Saskatchewan Assiniboia Weyburn 31 9 36
McConachie Olive 14 Manitoba Portage La Prairie Township 11 in ranges 7 38 1 41
McConachie Raymond 16 Ontario Lennox and Addington North Fredericksburg Township 25 6 17
McConachie Robert 14 Manitoba Winnipeg Winnipeg 53 7 31
McConachie Robert 37 Ontario Dufferin Amaranth 2 9 24
McConachie Robert 21 Ontario Hamilton West ward 4 13 15 41
McConachie Robert John 9/12 Ontario Grey North Owen Sound 47 9 2
McConachie Robt. 81 Ontario Lennox and Addington North Fredericksburg Township 25 6 15
McConachie Sarah E 3 Ontario Grey North Owen Sound 47 9 1
McConachie Stella 7 Ontario Dufferin Amaranth 2 9 26
McConachie Tena? 6 Ontario Dufferin Amaranth 1 6 20
McConachie W 27 Saskatchewan Battleford Townships 34 16 2 19
McConachie William 17 Manitoba Portage La Prairie Township 11 in ranges 7 38 1 40
McConachie William 21 Ontario Dufferin Amaranth 1 6 16
McConachie William 30 Ontario Ottawa Dalhousie ward 20 16 29

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